Overview
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. Mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1, which regulates blood sugar and appetite.
Approval status across major regulatory agencies worldwide.
Mechanism of Action
Binds to and activates GLP-1 receptors, stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon, delaying gastric emptying, and reducing appetite through central mechanisms.
Stability & Storage
| Form | Storage Conditions | Shelf Life |
|---|---|---|
| Lyophilised (Freeze-Dried) |
Store at 2-8°C (36-46°F) in original carton to protect from light. Do not freeze. Shelf life: 24 months. | 24 months |
| Reconstituted Solution |
After first use, store pen at 2-8°C or at room temperature (up to 30°C) for up to 56 days. Discard if frozen. | 56 days |
- Always store in original packaging until ready to use
- Protect from light, moisture, and temperature fluctuations
- Never refreeze after thawing
- Use proper sterile technique when reconstituting
- Discard if solution becomes cloudy or discolored
Target Information
- Pancreatic beta cells
- gastrointestinal tract
- hypothalamus
- cardiovascular tissue
- Pancreas
- stomach
- small intestine
- brain (hypothalamus
- brainstem)
- heart
Pharmacokinetics: Half-Life by Administration Route
The biological half-life varies significantly depending on the route of administration. This affects dosing frequency and duration of action.
| Administration Route | Half-Life | Clinical Implications |
|---|---|---|
| Subcutaneous (SC) | Approximately 1 week (165-184 hours), enabling once-weekly dosing | Slower absorption, sustained release, most common route |
| Oral (PO) | Approximately 1 week with SNAC absorption enhancer (Rybelsus formulation) | Subject to first-pass metabolism, requires formulation technology |
Note: Half-life values can vary between individuals based on factors including age, metabolism, kidney/liver function, and co-administered medications.
Molecular Structure
Amino Acid Sequence
2D Chemical Structure
2D Structure Visualization Pending
This peptide contains 31 amino acids.
For larger peptides, the amino acid sequence (shown above) provides the most accurate representation of structure.
2D chemical structure visualization is most effective for peptides with <10 amino acids.
3D Molecular Model
3D structure model will be available soon
Structure visualization powered by 3Dmol.js (integration pending)
Peptide Composition & Modifications
Amino Acid Composition
Post-Translational Modifications
Terminus Modifications
Terminal modifications can protect against exopeptidase degradation and modulate biological activity.
Nomenclature
- Ozempic
- Wegovy
- Rybelsus
- NN9535
- OG217SC
Dosage & Administration
SC injection: 0.25 mg weekly (starting), titrate to 0.5-2.4 mg based on indication. Oral: 3-14 mg daily.
This information is for educational purposes only. Dosing should only be determined by a qualified healthcare provider based on individual patient needs and medical history.
Side Effects & Safety
Common Side Effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, headache, fatigue
Warnings & Precautions
Risk of thyroid C-cell tumors, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, acute kidney injury
Scientific References
References are organized by topic for easy navigation. Click on PubMed links to view the full articles.
Clinical Trials
Mechanism of Action
Weight Loss
Research & Clinical Status
Extensively studied. FDA approved for diabetes (2017) and weight management (2021).
Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting any new treatment or medication. The information provided here is based on available scientific literature and may not be complete or up-to-date.