Overview

Mitochondrial-targeting peptide that reduces oxidative stress and protects cells from damage. Shows promise for heart failure and neurodegenerative diseases.

Global Regulatory Status

Approval status across major regulatory agencies worldwide.

FDA
United States
Investigational
TGA
Australia
Not Approved
EMA
European Union
Not Approved
MHRA
United Kingdom
Not Approved
PMDA
Japan
Not Approved
NMPA
China
Not Approved
Note: "Unknown" status indicates that comprehensive regulatory information is not yet available in our database. This does not necessarily mean the peptide is not approved. For critical medical decisions, always verify current regulatory status with the relevant health authority.

Mechanism of Action

Targets inner mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin, stabilizes electron transport chain, reduces reactive oxygen species production, protects cristae structure.

Stability & Storage

Form Storage Conditions Shelf Life
Lyophilised
(Freeze-Dried)
Store at -20°C for long-term storage (24+ months). Stable at 2-8°C for up to 12 months. D-amino acids confer excellent stability. Protect from light. 12 months
Reconstituted
Solution
After reconstitution with sterile saline, stable at 2-8°C for up to 30 days. Can be stored at room temperature for 7 days. pH stable between 4-8. 30 days
⚠️ Storage Best Practices
  • Always store in original packaging until ready to use
  • Protect from light, moisture, and temperature fluctuations
  • Never refreeze after thawing
  • Use proper sterile technique when reconstituting
  • Discard if solution becomes cloudy or discolored

Target Information

Target Receptors
Cardiolipin (inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid) - not a traditional receptor
Target Tissues
  • Mitochondrial membranes in all tissues
  • particularly cardiac and neuronal
Target Organs
  • Heart
  • brain
  • kidneys
  • skeletal muscle
  • retina

Pharmacokinetics: Half-Life by Administration Route

The biological half-life varies significantly depending on the route of administration. This affects dosing frequency and duration of action.

Administration Route Half-Life Clinical Implications
Intravenous (IV) Approximately 1-2 hours in plasma after IV infusion. Rapidly accumulates in mitochondria with prolon Direct bloodstream entry, fastest onset, shortest duration
Subcutaneous (SC) Approximately 2-3 hours after subcutaneous administration in preclinical models Slower absorption, sustained release, most common route

Note: Half-life values can vary between individuals based on factors including age, metabolism, kidney/liver function, and co-administered medications.

Molecular Structure

Amino Acid Sequence

2D Chemical Structure

Interactive 2D structure rendered from SMILES notation

3D Molecular Model

3D structure model will be available soon

Structure visualization powered by 3Dmol.js (integration pending)

Peptide Composition & Modifications

Amino Acid Composition

Natural L-Amino Acids
3 residues
D-Amino Acids
1 residue(s)
D-amino acids provide enhanced stability and resistance to proteolytic degradation
Total Length
4 amino acids

Terminus Modifications

N-Terminus (Amino Terminus)
Free NH2 (D-Arginine)
C-Terminus (Carboxyl Terminus)
Amide (CONH2)

Terminal modifications can protect against exopeptidase degradation and modulate biological activity.

Nomenclature

Standard Abbreviation
SS-31
Also Known As
  • Elamipretide
  • Bendavia
  • MTP-131
  • D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2

Dosage & Administration

Clinical trial doses: 0.25-40 mg IV daily

⚠️ Medical Supervision Required

This information is for educational purposes only. Dosing should only be determined by a qualified healthcare provider based on individual patient needs and medical history.

Research & Clinical Status

Multiple Phase 2 clinical trials completed. Phase 3 trials ongoing for heart failure.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting any new treatment or medication. The information provided here is based on available scientific literature and may not be complete or up-to-date.